The identification was based on: microscopic, culture, and biochemical characters. We analyzed the distribution of strains according to the type of clinical specimen, bacterial species, antibiotic resistance profile, as well as demographic characteristics of the patients with infections caused by NFGNB (gender, age). Isolates taken repeatedly from the same patient were excluded. Parascheva” Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases from Iaşi, in North-Eastern Romania, during the period. This is a retrospective study that included all consecutive NFGNB strains isolated in the Clinical Laboratory of the “Sf. This is all the more important given that infections caused by NFGNB are also associated with higher mortality. The analysis of the data thus obtained can be used in support of making optimal empirical therapy choices. Parascheva” Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases in Iaşi, in North-Eastern Romania, during the period.

aeruginosa using the strains isolated in the Clinical Laboratory of the “Sf. These increased antibiotic resistance rates and the prevalence of NFGNB infections are what motivated us to research the antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter spp. is much lower in the Nordic countries, where for most antibiotics they are known to have less than 10% resistance. The antibiotic resistance rate for Acinetobacter spp. With such results, Romania is surpassed only by Greece and Croatia, where resistance has reached approximately 95%. was between 77% and 88%, the highest values being recorded in 2017. In Romania, during 2012-2017, the resistance to carbapenems for Acinetobacter spp. strains, the rate of antibiotic resistance has been included in the EARS-Net annual report only since 2012. The situation is similar for aminoglycosides, ceftazidime and fluoroquinolones, to which resistance ranges from 50% to 64% in our country. By contrast, the lowest resistance rates (up to 5%) were reported in the Nordic countries (Norway, Iceland, Denmark). With these rates, Romania ranks first among European countries, followed closely by Greece (54%) and Slovakia (52%). aeruginosa has over 50% resistance to most known active antibiotics targeting this microorganism, and its resistance to carbapenems is between 50% and 70%. The annual reports of the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net) show alarming rates of antimicrobial resistance for NFGNB in Romania. The frequency of infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii is increasing due to the use of invasive medical devices, intravenous or urinary catheters, as well as to hospitalization in intensive care units. 2 Ventilator-associated pneumonia, sepsis, wound infections, urinary tract infections, and meningitis following neurosurgery are examples of HCAI caused by NFGNB and it is worth mentioning that they are yet more common in immunosuppressed patients. Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) are frequently involved in healthcare-associated infections (HCAI), which are on the rise and are known to increase mortality.

In recent years, the rapid increase of antimicrobial resistance has become a global public health challenge, acknowledged by the World Health Organization as one of the three most significant issues for human health.

Gram negative rods vs bacilli